America's First Struggle with Vaccination: The Boston Smallpox Epidemic of 1721 and the Fight Over Inoculation
It is April 22, 1721 and the small passenger ship HMS Seahorse arrives from London in Boston harbor. Onboard is a sailor suffering from fever and uncontrollable vomiting. He is hot to the touch and already his skin has begun to break out in a painful blistering rash. This sailor is suffering from the dreaded disease of smallpox--the scourge of Colonial America--known to scientists as the virus Variola Major but simply called the Pox by everyone else. Immediately, authorities in Boston ordered the sailor quarantined on Spectacle Island, a small 105 acre speck of land in the harbor that is located four miles from Boston’s city center. On his deathbed, convulsing in and out of consciousness, this lone sailor is left on the island to die, but already it is too late. The Pox has spread to others onboard the Seahorse, both to passengers from England and to local crew members who take the virus back with them to their residences in Boston. Before al...